Iindlela ezi-5 zokuhlela ezingundoqo zee-VFDs kunye neempawu zazo
Iidrive Frequency Drives (VFDs) zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokulawula iimoto, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukulawula isantya, itorque, kunye nokusebenza kweenjini zombane. Ukuqonda ukuhlelwa kwee-VFD kubalulekile ekukhetheni inkqubo efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neemfuno zesicelo. Kule post yebhlog, siza kucazulula iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-VFDs kunye neempawu zazo ezizodwa, sikuncede wenze isigqibo esinolwazi xa ukhetha esona sisombululo sifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho zolawulo lwemoto.
1. Ukuhlelwa kwee-VFD ngeNdlela yokuGuqulwa rhoqo
(1) AC-DC-AC VFD
I I-AC-DC-AC VFD (ekwaziwa njenge-VFD engathanga ngqo) isebenza ngokuguqula igalelo le-AC ukusuka kwigridi ukuya kwi-DC ngokulungisa. Lo mbane we-DC ubuye uguqulwe ubuyele kwi-AC nge-inverter, enikezela ngolawulo lokuphindaphinda kunye nombane. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo ekulawuleni uluhlu olubanzi lwezantya zemoto kunye namanqanaba ombane. Umgaqo osisiseko uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1-1.
Umzobo 1-1 AC-DC-AC VFD
(2) AC-AC VFD
I I-AC-AC VFD (i-VFD ngqo) isebenza kakuhle ngakumbi kwiimeko ezithile, njengoko iguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla e-AC kwimveliso ye-AC kunye ne-frequency frequency and voltage. Umgaqo osisiseko we-AC-AC VFD uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1-2. Inkqubo iquka iiseti ezimbini ze-thyristor rectifiers ezixhunywe kwi-parallel reverse. Iiseti ezilungileyo kunye nezibuyela umva zitshintsha ngamaxesha, zibonelela ngemveliso yombane otshintshanayo uo kuwo wonke umthwalo.
Umzobo 1-2 AC-AC VFD
Itheyibhile 1-1 Ukuthelekiswa kweempawu eziphambili phakathi kwe-AC-AC VFD kunye ne-AC-DC-AC VFD
2. Ukuhlelwa kwee-VFD ngoYilo lweSekethe ePhambili
(1) I-Voltage-type VFD
Isiphaluka esiphambili se-voltage-type VFD iboniswe kuMfanekiso 1-3. Kolu hlobo lweVFD, Umjikelo wokulungisa uvelisa amandla ombane e-DC afunekayo ekuguquleni. Emva kokucoca ngama-capacitors amakhulu kwikhonkco eliphakathi le-DC, isiphumo sifunyenwe. Ngenxa yesihluzi esikhulu se-capacitor, i-wave wave wave ye-DC ithe tyaba, kwaye kwimeko efanelekileyo, inokuphathwa njengomthombo wombane onganyangekiyo ngaphakathi. Imveliso ye-AC ye-voltage waveform ye-voltage-type VFD iqhelekile isikwere okanye i-staircase wave, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-VFDs ngokubanzi ezingafuni ukusebenza ngasemva okanye ukukhawulezisa/ukwehlisa isantya.
Umzobo we-1-3 iSekethe ePhambili ye-Voltage-type VFD
(2) Uhlobo lwangoku lweVFD
Isekethe ephambili ye-VFD yohlobo lwangoku iboniswe kuMfanekiso 1-4. Uphawu lwayo lu ukusetyenziswa kwee-inductors ezinkulu kwikhonkco eliphakathi le-DC lokucoca. I-DC yangoku i-waveform ithe tyaba ngenxa ye-inductor. Ke ngoko, i-impedance yangaphakathi yomthombo we-DC iphezulu kwaye inokuqikelelwa njengomthombo wangoku. Imveliso ye-AC yangoku i-wave wave isisikwere okanye i-staircase wave. Inzuzo ephambili ye-VFDs yohlobo lwangoku kukuba ivumela ukusebenza kwee-quadrant ezine, ivumela impendulo yamandla kumthombo wamandla. Kwakhona kulula ukusingatha kwiimeko zomthwalo weesekethe ezimfutshane, ukuzenza zilungele ukuguqulwa rhoqo okanye ii-VFD zomthamo omkhulu.
Umzobo 1-4 iSekethe ePhambili yohlobo lwangoku lweVFD
Ukuthelekiswa kweempawu eziphambili phakathi kohlobo lwangoku kunye nohlobo lwe-voltage ye-VFDs luboniswe kwiThebhile 1-2.
3. Ukuhlelwa kwee-VFD ngeNdlela yoLungiso lweVoltage
(1) PAM VFD (I-Pulse Amplitude Modulation)
I-Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) yindlela elungelelanisa imveliso ngokutshintsha i-amplitude ye-voltage Ud okanye umthombo wangoku Id . Kule ndlela, i-inverter ilungisa kuphela i-frequency output, ngelixa i-rectifier inxalenye ilawula i-voltage ephumayo okanye yangoku. Xa kusetyenziswa ukulungiswa kombane, i-voltage waveform ye-VFD iboniswa kuMfanekiso 1-5.
Isekethe ephambili ye-a I-VFD elawulwa yiPAM iboniswe kuMfanekiso 1-5a.
I-PAM isetyenziswa kwi-VFDs kunye ne-variable variable intermediate circuit voltage. Xa ulawula i-frequency, i-voltage ye-output frequency ihlengahlengiswa ngokutshintsha umjikelo wokusebenza we-inverter. Ngexesha lomjikelo ngamnye wokusebenza, izixhobo zokutshintsha amandla zivuliwe kwaye zicinywe amaxesha amaninzi. Ekubeni ukuphunyezwa kwesekethe ye-PAM inzima kakhulu, ifuna ulawulo lwangaxeshanye lwe-rectifier kunye ne-inverter, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-voltage ye-DC ephakathi emva kokulungiswa kwe-thyristor ayinalo ubudlelwane bomgca kunye ne-angle-shifting angle, ukulungelelanisa ukulungiswa kunye nokuguqulwa kuba nzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, le ndlela yokumodareyitha ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
(2) I-PWM kunye ne-SPWM VFD (i-Pulse Width Modulation kunye ne-Sine Pulse Width Modulation)
UkuModelwa kwePulse Width (PWM) ivelisa ii-pulses ezininzi kumjikelo omnye we-wave waveform, malunga ne-sinusoidal waveform. Oku kubangela ukuba imveliso egudileyo kunye neeharmonics ezimbalwa. Isekethe ephambili ye-a I-VFD elawulwa yi-PWM iboniswe kuMfanekiso 1-5b. I-PWM inokuphinda ihlelwe ibe yi-PWM yobubanzi obusisigxina kunye ne-sine wave PWM (SPWM).
Umfanekiso we-1-5 PAM kunye ne-PWM yoLawulo lweSekethe ePhambili kunye ne-Output Voltage Waveform
a) Ulawulo lwe-PAM yeSekethe ePhambili b) IPWM Control Main Circuit
4. Ii-VFDs Zihlelwe ngokweNdlela yoLawulo
Xa i-motor induction ihlengahlengiswa kunye ne-VFD, i-VFD inokulawula umbane wokubonelela, okwangoku, kunye nobuninzi ngokweempawu zemoto. Ukusebenza, iimpawu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-VFDs kuyahluka ngokwendlela yokulawula esetyenziswayo. Ke ngoko, ii-VFDs zinokuhlelwa ngokusekwe kwindlela yolawulo.
(1) U/f Control VFD (VVVF Control)
Indlela yokulawula ye-U/f, eyaziwa ngokuba I-VVVF (i-Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) ulawulo, kubandakanya ukulawula zombini amandla ombane kunye nokuphuma rhoqo kweVFD ukugcina a Umlinganiselo we-U / f rhoqo. Le ndlela ivumela i-torque rhoqo ngaphantsi kwe-frequency yesiseko kunye namandla angatshintshiyo ngaphezu kwe-frequency base. Iindleko zolawulo lwesekethe ye-U/f yolawulo lwe-VFDs iphantsi noko, ibenza ukuba bafanelekele i-VFDs yenjongo jikelele kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka okungqongqo.
(2) Ulawulo lwe-Slip Frequency Control VFD
Ulawulo lwe-Slip frequency luphuculo kulawulo lwe-U/f. Kwii-VFDs usebenzisa le ndlela, umguquleli wenza ingxelo yesantya evaliweyo inkqubo yokulawula i-loop kunye ne-motor kunye ne-speed sensor. Ubuninzi bemveliso yoguqulo lusetwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngesantya sokwenyani semoto kunye nesantya sokutyibilika, sivumela itorque ephumayo ilawulwe ngelixa ulawula isantya. Le ndlela yokulawula yindlela yokulawula i-loop evaliweyo, ngoko xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokulawula i-U / f, inokugcina ukuchaneka kwesantya esiphezulu kunye neempawu ezingcono ze-torque nangona kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo lomthwalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba le ndlela yokulawula idinga i-sensor yesantya ukuba ifakwe kwi-motor kunye ne-slip kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zemoto, ukuguquguquka kwayo kuphantsi.
(3) Ulawulo lweVector VFD
Umgaqo wolawulo lwe-vector kukubola i-stator yangoku ye-AC induction motor ibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-magnetizing current (ukuveliswa kwe-flux) kunye ne-torque-mveliso yangoku. Omabini amacandelo alawulwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Ulawulo lweVector luphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwaye luvumela ulawulo lwetorque oluchane ngakumbi, luyenza ithelekiseke kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwesantya seenjini zeDC. Ulawulo lweVector ye-VFDs zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zolawulo oluchanekileyo.
5. Ukuhlelwa kweeVFD ngokweSicelo
(1) Injongo ye-VFD ngokubanzi
Ii-VFD zenjongo ngokubanzi iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa isantya seenjini zokungeniswa ezisemgangathweni. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: Ii-VFDs ezinexabiso eliphantsi ezilula zenjongo jikelele kwaye ii-VFDs ezisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ezinenjongo ngokubanzi.
Ii-VFD ezilula zenzelwe iinjongo zokulondoloza amandla kwaye zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizicelo ezifana neepompo kunye nabalandeli, apho iimfuno zokulawula isantya aziphezulu. Banikezela ngeenzuzo ezifana nobukhulu obuncinci kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwee-VFDs ezininzi ezisebenzayo ziyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, kunye ne-hardware ephezulu kunye neempawu zesofthiwe. Zizilungele izicelo ezifana nabahambisi, iihoists, izixhobo zoomatshini, kunye nezithuthi zombane, apho kufuneka ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza.
(2) I-VFD ezinikeleyo ekumgangatho ophezulu
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kweVFDs ezizinikeleyo zisebenzisa ulawulo lwe-vector ukuhambisa ukusebenza okukhuphisanayo okanye okungaphezulu kweenkqubo zokulawula isantya seenjini zeDC. Ezi VFDs ngokuqhelekileyo ziyilelwe kumashishini athile, afana nesinyithi, oomatshini be-CNC, kunye nezinyusi, apho ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kufuneka kuphuculwe.
(3) High-frequency VFD
Ii-VFD ze-high-frequency zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ii-motor-speed high-speed kwizicelo ezifuna ukuchaneka kwe-ultra-precision, njengakwi-machining ephezulu.
(4) Isigaba esinye kunye nesigaba esiThathu seVFD
Okokugqibela, ii-VFD ziyafumaneka kuzo zombini iinguqulelo zenqanaba elinye kunye nenqanaba lesithathu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweemoto eziyilelwe ukulawula. Umahluko ophambili ulele kuyilo lwesekethe, kunye ne-VFD yamanqanaba amathathu anikezela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezicelo eziphezulu.
Ngolwakhiwo lwesekethe kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza we-VFDs, nceda ujonge IiNjongo ngokubanzi zeVFD eziSiseko: Ulwakhiwo kunye noMgaqo wokuSebenza.
Isiphelo:
Ukuqonda iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zee-VFDs kubalulekile ekukhetheni isisombululo esifanelekileyo sokulawula imoto. Nokuba ukhangela i-VFD enexabiso eliphantsi yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi okanye idrive esebenza kakhulu yolawulo oluchanekileyo, kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwee-VFD eziyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Ngokuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezinje ngeendlela zokuguqula amaza, iindlela zohlengahlengiso lombane, iindlela zolawulo, kunye neemfuno zesicelo, unokwenza ukhetho olunolwazi oluqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiinkqubo zeemoto zakho.